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(Ãí7)¥Ç¥£¡¼¥×¥é¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥°¡ÊDeep Learning;¿¼Áسؽ¬¡Ë¤È¤Ï,¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÎÇطʤˤ¢¤ë¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ä¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó¤ò³Ø½¬¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë,¿ÁØŪ¡Ê¥Ç¥£¡¼¥×¡Ë¤Ë¹½Â¤¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ëÊýË¡.°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿Ê¬ÀϤÏ,ÆþÎϥǡ¼¥¿¡Ê¥¤¥ó¥×¥Ã¥È¡Ë¤È½ÐÎϥǡ¼¥¿¡Ê¥¢¥¦¥È¥×¥Ã¥È¡Ë¤Î´Ø·¸¤òľÀÜʬÀϤ뤹¤¬,¥Ç¥£¡¼¥×¥é¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥°¤Ï,Ãæ´ÖÁؤȸƤФì¤ë¹½Â¤¤òÀߤ±,¤µ¤é¤Ë¿Áز½¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç,¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÎÇطʤˤ¢¤ë¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ä¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó¤ò¹Í¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë[10].
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(Ãí9) Google DeepMind ¤Ï,¥¤¥®¥ê¥¹¤Ë¤¢¤ëAlphabet¤Î¿Í¹©ÃÎǽ³«È¯¤Î»Ò²ñ¼Ò¤Ç¤¢¤ëGoogle DeepMind Technologies Limited¤È¤·¤Æ2010ǯ¤Ëµ¯¶È¤µ¤ì,2014ǯ¤ËGoogle¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÇã¼ý¤µ¤ì¤¿.¥í¥ó¥É¥ó¤òµòÅÀ¤È¤·,¥«¥Ê¥À,¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹,Êƹñ¤Ë¤â¸¦µæ¥»¥ó¥¿¡¼¤ò»ý¤Ä.2015ǯ,Google¤Î¿Æ²ñ¼Ò¤Ç¤¢¤ëAlphabet¤Î´°Á´»Ò²ñ¼Ò¤È¤Ê¤ê,2023ǯ¤ËGoogle AI¤ÎGoogle BrainÉôÌç¤ÈÅý¹ç¤·,Google DeepMind¤Ë̾¾ÎÊѹ¹¤·¤¿[12].
(Ãí10)¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¸ë¤Ï,Google DeepMind¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ³«È¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿°Ï¸ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë. 2015ǯ¤Ë¥è¡¼¥í¥Ã¥Ñ°Ï¸ë²¦¼Ô¥Õ¥¡¥ó¡¦¥Õ¥¤(ÜèÝà/Fan Hui;1981ǯ-)Áê¼ê¤Ë¸ßÀè¡Ê¥¿¥¬¥¤¥»¥ó,Ãí11¡Ë¤ÇÇˤ俽é¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿°Ï¸ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿. ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤¬¿Í´Ö¤ËÂǤÁ¾¡¤Ä¤³¤È¤¬ºÇ¤âÆñ¤·¤¤¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¿Ê¬Ìî¤Ç¤¢¤ë°Ï¸ë¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ,¿Í¹©ÃÎǽ¤¬¾¡Íø¤ò¼ý¤á¤¿¤³¤È¤ÏÀ¤³¦¤Ë¾×·â¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤·¤¿. ¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¸ë¤ÎÅоì¤Ïñ¤Ê¤ë°ì¶¥µ»¤Î¾¡ÇÔ¤ò±Û¤¨,¿Í¹©ÃÎǽ¤ÎÍÍÑÀ¤ò¹¤¯ÃΤ餷¤á¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤Ê¤ê,À¤³¦ÅªAI¥Ö¡¼¥à¤ò¸Æ¤Óµ¯¤³¤¹¤¤Ã¤«¤±¤È¤â¤Ê¤Ã¤¿[13].
(Ãí11) ¸ßÀè¤Ï,¥Ï¥ó¥Ç¥¥ã¥Ã¥×¤Î¤Ê¤¤Âжɤò»Ø¤·,´ýÎϤ¬¶á¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ËºÎÍѤµ¤ì¤ë. °Ï¸ë¤Ïñ½ã¤ËÌÜ¿ô¤Ç¾¡ÇÔ¤ò·è¤¹¤ë¤È¤¹¤ë¤ÈÀè¼ê¤¬ÍÍø¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á,°ì¶É¤Ç¾¡ÇÔ¤ò·è¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç,¥³¥ß(°Ï¸ë¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Î1¤Ä)¤òÍѤ¤¤ÆÀè¼ê¡Ê¹õ¡Ë¤È¸å¼ê¡ÊÇò¡Ë¤Î¶Ñ¹Õ¤ò¿Þ¤ë[15].
(Ãí12) ¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Õ¥©¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï,¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤Î¹½Â¤Í½Â¬¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëGoogle¤ÎDeepMind¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ³«È¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¿Í¹©ÃÎǽ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë.¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï,¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤ÎÀÞ¤ê¾ö¤ß¹½Â¤¤ò¸¶»Ò¤ÎÉý¤Ë¹ç¤ï¤»¤Æͽ¬¤¹¤ë¿¼Áسؽ¬¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È¤·¤ÆÀ߷פµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë[16],[17]. AI¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¡ÖAlphaFold¡×¤Ï,2¤Ä¤Î¼çÍץС¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÇÃíÌܤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë.¸¦µæ¼Ô¥Á¡¼¥à¤ÏAlphaFold 1 (2018ǯ) ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ,2018ǯ12·î¤Ë³«ºÅ¤µ¤ì¤¿¡ÖÂè13²ó ¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¹½Â¤Í½Â¬ÀºÌ©É¾²Á (Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction ;CASP,Ãí13)¡×¤ÎÁí¹ç¥é¥ó¥¥ó¥°¤Ç1°Ì¤ò³ÍÆÀ¤·¤¿.¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï,ÉôʬŪ¤ËÎà»÷¤·¤¿ÇÛÎó¤ò»ý¤Ä¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤«¤é´û¸¤Î¥Æ¥ó¥×¥ì¡¼¥È¹½Â¤[18]¤¬ÍøÍѤǤ¤Ê¤¤,¶¥µ»²ñ¼çºÅ¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆºÇ¤âÆñ¤·¤¤¤Èɾ²Á¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤ÎºÇ¤âÀµ³Î¤Ê¹½Â¤¤òͽ¬¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÀ®¸ù¤·¤¿[16].
(Ãí13) ¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¹½Â¤Í½Â¬ÀºÌ©É¾²Á(CASP)¤Ï,1994ǯ¤«¤é2ǯ¤´¤È¤Ë¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¹½Â¤Í½Â¬¤Î¤¿¤á¤ÎÀ¤³¦Åª¤Ê¼Â¸³¤Ç¤¢¤ë.CASP¤Ï,¸¦µæ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë¹½Â¤Í½Â¬¼êË¡¤òµÒ´ÑŪ¤Ë¥Æ¥¹¥È¤¹¤ëµ¡²ñ¤òÄ󶡤·,¸¦µæ¥³¥ß¥å¥Ë¥Æ¥£¤È¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¹½Â¤¥â¥Ç¥ê¥ó¥°¤ÎºÇ¿·µ»½Ñ¤ÎÆÈΩ¤·¤¿É¾²Á¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë.CASP¤Î¼ç¤ÊÌÜŪ¤Ï,¥¢¥ß¥Î»ÀÇÛÎ󤫤饿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤Î3¼¡¸µ¹½Â¤(Ãí14)¤òÆÃÄꤹ¤ëÊýË¡¤ò¿ÊÊ⤵¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤¬,¿¤¯¤Î¸¦µæ¼Ô¤Ï¤³¤Î¼Â¸³¤ò,¤³¤Î²Ê³ØʬÌî¤Î¡ÖÀ¤³¦Áª¼ê¸¢¡×¤È¸«¤Ê¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë[19].
(Ãí14) ¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤Ï¡¤1¼¡¹½Â¤¤«¤é4¼¡¹½Â¤¤Þ¤Ç¡¤³¬ÁØŪ¤Ë¹½Â¤Ê¬Îव¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¥1¼¡¹½Â¤¤Ï¥¢¥ß¥Î»ÀÇÛÎó¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¤2¼¡¹½Â¤¤Ï¿åÁÇ·ë¹ç¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ°ÂÄê²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÉôʬ·ë¹ç¤Ç¡¤¤é¤»¤ó¾õ¤Î¦Á¥Ø¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥¹¹½Â¤¤äÖ¢É÷¤òÀޤꤿ¤¿¤ó¤À¤è¤¦¤Ê¦Â¥·¡¼¥È¹½Â¤¤ÎΩÂι½Â¤¤ò¤È¤ë¡¥3¼¡¹½Â¤¤Ï¡¤¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤ò¹½À®¤¹¤ë¥Ý¥ê¥Ú¥×¥Á¥Éº¿¤¬Ê£¿ô¤ËÀޤꤿ¤¿¤Þ¤ì¤¿Î©Âι½Â¤¡Ê¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤ÎÀÞ¤ê¾ö¤ß¹½Â¤¡Ë¤ò¼¨¤·¡¤3¼¡¹½Â¤¤Î¤â¤ÄÊ£¿ô¤Î¥Ý¥ê¥Ú¥×¥Á¥Éº¿¤¬½¸¹ç¤··ÁÀ®¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤¬4¼¡¹½Â¤¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¥4¼¡¹½Â¤¤ò·ÁÀ®¤¹¤ë³Æ¥Ú¥×¥Á¥Éº¿¤Ï¥µ¥Ö¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤È¤è¤Ð¤ì¤ë[20],[21],[22]¡¥
(Ãí15)¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤Ï°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë20¼ïÎà¤Î¥¢¥ß¥Î»À¤Ç¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¬,¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Ò¤â¾õ¤ËÏ¢¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ÆΩÂÎŪ¤ËÀÞ¤ê¾ö¤Þ¤ì¤Æµ¡Ç½¤òȯ´ø¤¹¤ë.¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤Î3¼¡¸µ¹½Â¤¤Ç¤½¤ÎƯ¤¤¬·è¤Þ¤ë¤¿¤á,¹½Â¤¤¬Ê¬¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤ÈÁÏÌô¤Ê¤É¤Î¸¦µæ³«È¯¤¬¿Ê¤Þ¤Ê¤¤.Ť¤´Ö¥¢¥ß¥Î»À¤ÎÇÛÎ󤫤饿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤ÎΩÂι½Â¤¤òÇÄ°®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÏÆñ¤·¤«¤Ã¤¿.¤Þ¤¿,¹½Â¤¤¬¤Þ¤À¤è¤¯Ê¬¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤½ÅÍפʥ¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤â¿¤¯»Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤µ¤ì¤ë. ¤½¤·¤Æ,¤½¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï¿·¤·¤¤µ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤Ä¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï,´û¸¤Î¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤Ë¼ê¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤·¤«ÊýË¡¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿.¤³¤ì¤é¤Î½¾Íè¤Î²ÝÂê¤ËÂФ·¡Ö·×»»¤Ë¤è¤ë¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤ÎÀ߷ספª¤è¤Ó¡Ö¥¿¥ó¥Ñ¥¯¼Á¤Î¹½Â¤Í½Â¬¡×¤Ë¤è¤ëÌäÂê²ò·è¤Ø¤ÎÈà¤é¤ÎÀ®²Ì¤¬É¾²Á¤µ¤ì¤¿[5].
(Ãí16) ChatGPT¡Ê¥Á¥ã¥Ã¥È¥¸¡¼¥Ô¡¼¥Æ¥£¡¼¡Ë¤Ï,OpenAI(Ãí17)¤¬2022ǯ11·î¤Ë¸ø³«¤·¤¿¿Í¹©ÃÎǽ¥Á¥ã¥Ã¥È¥Ü¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ê,À¸À®AI¤Î°ì¼ï¤Ç¤¢¤ë[23].
(Ãí17) OpenAI¡Ê¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¥¨¡¼¥¢¥¤¡Ë¤Ï,¿ÍÎàÁ´ÂΤËÍø±×¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤¹ÈÆÍѿ͹©ÃÎǽ¡ÊArtificial General Intelligence ;AGI¡Ë¤òÉáµÚ¡¦È¯Å¸¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤òÌÜɸ¤Ë·Ç¤²,AIʬÌî¤Î¸¦µæ¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ëÁÈ¿¥¤Ç, Èó±ÄÍøË¡¿ÍOpenAI, Inc.¤È¤½¤Î»Ò²ñ¼Ò¤Ç¤¢¤ë±ÄÍøË¡¿ÍOpenAI Global, LLC¤Ê¤É¤ÎË¡¿Í¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤ë¿Í¹©ÃÎǽ¤Î³«È¯¤ò¹Ô¤¦Êƹñ´ë¶È¤Ç¤¢¤ë[25].
(Ãí18) GPU¤Ï,²èÁü½èÍýÁõÃÖ¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·, ²èÁü¤òÉÁ¼Ì¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍפʷ׻»¤ò½èÍý¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î. ¤è¤ê®¤¯,¤è¤ê¤¤ì¤¤¤Ë²èÁü¤ä±ÇÁü¤ò±Ç¤¹¤Ë¤Ï,GPU¤¬·ç¤«¤»¤Ê¤¤.¤Þ¤¿,²èÁü¤ò½èÍý¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï,ËÄÂç¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò½Ö»þ¤Ë·×»»¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á,¥Ó¥Ã¥°¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò½èÍý¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë¤âŬ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë. ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÂçÎ̤«¤Ä®¤¯½èÍý¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë,ÆÈÆäλÅÁȤߤȤ·¤Æ,ÊÂÎó½èÍýǽÎϤËÍ¥¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë.¤³¤ÎǽÎϤ¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç,Ê£¿ô¤Î¥¿¥¹¥¯¤ò°ìÅ٤ˤ³¤Ê¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë.¤³¤ì¤ËÂФ·, Central Processing Unit¡ÊCPU¡Ë¤Ï,Ãæ±û½èÍý¡Ê±é»»¡ËÁõÃÖ¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·, ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ÎƬǾ¤È¤·¤Æµ¡Ç½¤·,Ã༡·×»»¤«¤é¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤Þ¤Ç,Éý¹¤¤½èÍý¤ò¹Ô¤¦. ¸Ä¡¹¤Î¥¿¥¹¥¯¤ò½¸Ã椷¤Æ½èÍý¤¹¤ë,Ϣ³Ū¤Ê±é»»½èÍýǽÎϤËŤ±¤Æ¤¤¤ë[29].
(Ãí19) ƶ¸ý¡Ê¥Û¥é¥°¥Á¡Ë[34]¤Ï,¡Ö½¸¹çÀïά¡×¤ò½¸ÃĤȤ·¤ÆÃ챤òÁϤ¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤ÈÄêµÁ¤·,½¸¹çÀïά¤ÎºÎÍѤηë²Ì¤È¤·¤ÆÁϤ¤µ¤ì¤¿Ã챤ò¡Ö½¸¹çÃΡפȸƤó¤Ç¤¤¤ë.¤½¤Î¾å¤Ç,Ãμ±ÁϤ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ò¡Ö°ÅÌÛÃΡפȡַÁ¼°ÃΡפÎÁê¸ßºîÍѤȤ·¤Æǧ¼±¤·¡¤ÆüËÜ´ë¶ÈÁÈ¿¥¤¬¥ß¥É¥ë¡¦¥Þ¥Í¡¼¥¸¥ã¡¼¤òÃæ¿´¤È¤·¤¿¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¡¦¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ç¤Î½¸¹çÃÎÁϤ¤¬,¸Ä¿Í¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÀ¾²¤´ë¶ÈÁÈ¿¥¤ËÈ椷¤ÆÆÃħŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤Î»ëÅÀ¤Ë¤¿¤Á,»öÎ㸦µæ¤òÄ̤¸¤Æ¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë¡Ö²þÁ±³èÆ°¡×¤Î»ëÅÀ¤Ç,½¸¹çÃΤξå¼ê¤Ê¥Þ¥Í¥¸¥á¥ó¥È¤ÎÁÈ¿¥ºî¤ê¤ÎÅú¤¨¤òÌϺ÷¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë.¤Ê¤ª,°ÅÌÛÃΤȤÏ,ʸ»ú¤ä¸ÀÍÕ¤Çɽ¸½¤Ç¤¤Ê¤¤Ã챤ò¸À¤¦.
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[2]¡¡³°Ì³¾Ê,³Ëʼ´ïÉԳȻ¶¾òÌó¡ÊNPT¡Ë¤Î³µÍ×, https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/kaku/npt/gaiyo.html , 2024.10.21¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹
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[6] Geoffrey E. Hinton, Training Products of Experts by Minimizing Contrastive Divergence, Neural Computation 14, pp.1771–1800 (2002), https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~fritz/absps/nccd.pdf ,2024.10.19¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹
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[8]Ìî¼Áí¹ç¸¦µæ½ê, À¸À®AI(Generative AI), ÍѸì²òÀâ µ»½Ñ, https://www.nri.com/jp/knowledge/glossary/lst/sa/generative_ai ,2024.10.19¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹
[9]Ìî¼Áí¹ç¸¦µæ½ê, µ¡³£³Ø½¬, ÍѸì²òÀâ µ»½Ñ, https://www.nri.com/jp/knowledge/glossary/lst/ka/machine_learning#:~: ,2024.10.19¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹
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